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Law of Gaseous Volumes : Gay-Lussac

Law of Gaseous Volumes : Gay-Lussac (गैसीय आयतन का नियम : गेलुसाक) Law of Gaseous Volumes (a) According to this rule - "When the gases interact with each other, they have a simple ratio in their volumes of action (when they are measured in the same circumstances)". Law of Gaseous Volumes (b) (1) Consumes water from action between H 2 and O 2 - 2H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) → 2H 2 O (v) The above equation expresses that two volumes of H2 make two volumes of H2O by acting with one volume of O 2 . Other examples are as follows: - (2) ...

Law of equivalent proportions OR Law of reciprocal proportions : (Richter)

Law of equivalent proportions OR Law of reciprocal proportions : (Richter) (तुल्य अनुपात का नियम अथवा व्युत्क्रम अनुपात का नियम : रिक्टर) (a) "The quantities of two elements A and B, which perform the same amount of third element C, have a simple multiplication ratio or ratio of integers." chemistry proportion law (b) This rule can be interpreted as follows - 1.) Nitrogen (A) and oxygen (B) act with hydrogen (C) and form NH3 and H2O. 2.) Perform 1 gram H, 4.66 grams N (in NH3) and 8 grams O (in H2O). Therefore, the ratio of the quantities of N and O acting with fixed amount of H = 4.66 / 8 = 0.583 3.) When N and O interact with each other, then the ratio of the quantities of N and O = 14/32 = 0.875 4.) Since, 0.875 = n * 0.583 ...

Law of multiple proportions (Dalton)

Law of Multiple Proportions (Dalton) गुणित अनुपात का नियम (डाल्टन) (a) According to this rule, "When the two elements together make two or more chemical compounds, then a certain amount of an element that combines with different quantities of the other element has a simple math ratio." Law of Multiple proportion (b) Considered two elements A and B combine together to form two compounds. In these compounds, different amounts of B coincide with the fixed quantities of A. There is a simple math ratio in different quantities of these B, which coincide with a certain amount of A. (c ) Examples of the rules of mathematical ratios are as follows- 1.) The production of CO and O is produced by CO and O. In CO C: O is 12: 16, whereas C : O is 12: 32 in CO 2 or ratio of O in CO and CO 2 is ...

Law of Constant Proportions (Proust-1799)

Law of Constant Proportions (Proust-1799) स्थिर अनुपात का नियम (प्राउस्ट,1799) (a) According to this rule, "In each chemical of a chemical compound the same elements are present and their mass ratio is also fixed or according to the mass of a compound the elemental composition is always fixed." Constant Proportion Law This rule was rendered by the East. They studied the natural and synthetic samples of CuCO 3 and found that the combination of both samples is similar. (Cu = 51.4%, O = 38.8%, C = 9.7%) (b) This rule was revised by stas who composed compounds of various methods and found that compounds of the obtained compounds are similar. For example: - 1.) By heating CaCO 3 - CaCO 3 = CaO + CO 2 ...

Laws of Chemical Combination

Laws of Chemical Combination ( रासायनिक संयोग के नियम ) When a continuous study of the chemical behavior of the substances, some conclusions were obtained on the basis of the received tests. The statements used to express these findings collectively represent the rules of chemical coincidence. (1.) Rule of mass conservation: (Lomonosov -1748, Lavoisier -1774) Law of conservation of mass (Lomonosov -1748, Lavoisier-1774) (a) According to this rule - "When physical or chemical changes occur in the matter, then measuring the total amount of the body does not make any qualifying change." This rule can also be expressed in this way - "Due to any chemical reaction, the matter is neither produced nor destroyed, although its physical or chemical state changes in this process." (b) On the basis of this rule, the following findings are obtained for any reaction. - Total mass of factors just before reaction = total mass of products after reaction ...

Molecule and Molecular Mass

Molecule and Molecular Mass (अणु तथा आण्विक द्रव्यमान ) Molecules अणु (Molecule) :- "The microscopic unit, which is coincidentally formed by a certain proportion of two or more atoms, which can remain in an independent state, is called a molecule." Molecule Structure :- To achieve the durability of various atoms, they form a molecule by combining them together. The sign used to display the molecule is called a formula. When only one type of atom is present in a molecule, then the molecule is called Homo atomic. If the molecule is composed of more than one type of atom, then it is called Hetroatomic molecule. Molecular mass: - The molecular mass of a molecule is the number that demonstrates that "a molecule of the compound is so heavy to the 1/12th part of an atom of the carbon." Molecular mass = mass of a molecule of a compound / mass of one atom ...

The atomic mass experimental methods to determine the atomic mass

The atomic mass experimental methods to determine the atomic mass Chemistry Experiment 1. Dialogue and Petit Rules :- According to this rule, for any metal - Atomic mass * specific heat = 6.4 (approx.) With this help, almost atomic mass of metals can be detected. This rule applies only to metals. In this, the value of specific heat is stored in calories / grams - kelvin. 2. Canisro Method : - The atomic mass of an element is the smallest quantity that can be present in any compound of that element. 3. Rule of Consumption : - Crystal ionic compounds that have the same structure, are called aesthetic. And this process is called asymptomorphism. If the creator of a harmonic compound then the connectivity is the same. "In the harmonic compounds, the amount of two elements that act with other elements in proportion to their atom mass." 4. By the Vapour Density of the chloride of the element : - If a...

Atom and Atomic Mass

Atom and Atomic Mass ( परमाणु तथा परमाणु द्रव्यमान ) परमाणु (Atom) :- The smallest part of an element that takes part in chemical reaction is called atom. Atoms of inert gases can remain in an independent state whereas atoms of other elements can not remain in independent state The symbol used to display the atom of an element is called a symbol The smallest atom is of hydrogen (H) at which the atomic mass is 1.008 amu (atomic mass unit) and atomic radius is approximately 0.931 angrstrom. Atomic Structure of Carban Atomic Mass (परमाणु द्रव्यमान) :- The atomic mass of an element is the number that demonstrates how many times the amount of an atom of that element is 6x12 times the mass of one atom of 6 c 12 . 📝 The mass of an atom of carbon is assumed to be 12.000 units. Formula for finding atomic mass - Atomic mass = Mass of an atom of the element / 1/12*12 Mass of an atom The ...

Classification of matter

Classification of Matter (द्रव्य का वर्गीकरण) Flow chart of classification of matter A) Physical classification: On the basis of physical condition, matter is divided into three parts- 1. High - solid concrete and the volume of their size is fixed. 2. Fluid - The volume of the fluid is fixed but the shape of that vessel is fixed. Depends on the shape, in which it has been placed. 3. Gas - Both the volume and size of matter in the gas gaseous state are uncertain and in this state the matter can spread to infinite. B) Chemical classification: On the basis of chemical nature, matter is divided into three parts- Element, compound and mixture 1) Element - element is a substance which can not be further divided into material by physical or chemical methods (Elements are the substance that can not be decomposed in simpler substances either by physical or chemical changes). ...

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Regarding the study of the phenomenon or the object, it is called the Vidya Vignan to get complete knowledge through observation and interpretation. concepts of chemistry Rise of Chemistry:- Chemistry is called chemistry in the English language and the word is derived from chemia = black, Mishra was called alchemy in ancient times. In the language of the word Mian Mishra, the black soil of this country was indicative of the fact that chemistry was first developed in Egypt, hence the word chemistry was used for it. The composition of the universe: matter and energy The universe is made up of two factors - 1) Energy, 2) matter "The sum total of the universe and total energy of the universe is always stable." Interrelationship in matter and energy is expressed by Einstein equation E = mc2 and mas...

Multimedia

Multimedia Multimedia is very important and has been used every day and has become a part of life. Through this, we learn or teach any topic easily. It plays a very important role in the field of education, such as using illustrations to explain or explain a subject, reading or teaching with the soft copy of the chapter or e-mail through the internet etc. WINDOWS O level tutorials