PETROLEUM (पेट्रोलियम) Petrol At some places in nature, a thick, viscous and dark colored liquid is found under the rock, which mainly contains aliphatic hydrocarbons up to C 1 to C 40 , this fluid is called refined oil or petroleum. The word petroleum is derived from the Latin words petra and olium which is found under rocks within the earth, hence it is also called mineral oil. Within the earth, this fluid floats above the salt solution. A gas atmosphere exists along with the floating petroleum inside the Earth, which is called natural gas. Petroleum is also called liquid gold. In the present era, this fluid is more valuable than gold for any nation. The progress of any nation depends to a large extent on how much petroleum it has. Its use is very important in various tasks like agricultural industry, traffic communication etc. This oil is found in the highest amount in the United States. Russia Venezuela is also found in greater quantities in Mexico, Burma etc. ...
Cathode rays and Discovery of Electron कैथोड किरणें तथा इलेक्ट्रॉन की खोज Cathode rays S ir William Crooks (1879) found some rays of light green light on the cathode, which produced high bolts between two electrons in a gas filled with immersion tube in low pressure (1 / 1000mm), which were called cathode rays. Jean Perrin (1895) found the particles of cathode rays (-ive) charged: because it is composed of small (-ive) charged particles. Stoney named the particles as the unit of matter and gave the electron name. JJ Thomson (1897) determined the charge of the electron and weight ratio (e / m) of 1.76 * 1/100000000 per gm. This ratio does not depend on the nature of gas present in the substance of the immersion tube or the tube, which means that the electron e / m is the most universal constant and its value remains constant. Hence, it is known from this that these rays are always made of alkaline particles, which are called electrons. Properties of...
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