PETROLEUM (पेट्रोलियम) Petrol At some places in nature, a thick, viscous and dark colored liquid is found under the rock, which mainly contains aliphatic hydrocarbons up to C 1 to C 40 , this fluid is called refined oil or petroleum. The word petroleum is derived from the Latin words petra and olium which is found under rocks within the earth, hence it is also called mineral oil. Within the earth, this fluid floats above the salt solution. A gas atmosphere exists along with the floating petroleum inside the Earth, which is called natural gas. Petroleum is also called liquid gold. In the present era, this fluid is more valuable than gold for any nation. The progress of any nation depends to a large extent on how much petroleum it has. Its use is very important in various tasks like agricultural industry, traffic communication etc. This oil is found in the highest amount in the United States. Russia Venezuela is also found in greater quantities in Mexico, Burma etc. ...
Classification of Matter
(द्रव्य का वर्गीकरण)
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| Flow chart of classification of matter |
A) Physical classification:
On the basis of physical condition, matter is divided into three parts-
1. High -
solid concrete and the volume of their size is fixed.
2. Fluid -
The volume of the fluid is fixed but the shape of that vessel is fixed. Depends on the shape, in which it has been placed.
3. Gas -
Both the volume and size of matter in the gas gaseous state are uncertain and in this state the matter can spread to infinite.
B) Chemical classification:
On the basis of chemical nature, matter is divided into three parts-
Element, compound and mixture
1) Element -
element is a substance which can not be further divided into material by physical or chemical methods (Elements are the substance that can not be decomposed in simpler substances either by physical or chemical changes).
a). Metal
b). Non metals
c). Matalloids or semi-metals
2) Compound -
The compounds which can be divided into simple ingredients by chemical methods.
For example, H and O combine in 1: 8 to form H2O, which means the elemental organisation of the compounds is fixed.
a). Organic compounds
b). Inorganic compounds
3) Mixing -
Mixing is a substance obtained by coincidence of two or more substances in which the properties of its organs do not change and the substance displays all the properties of its components. The properties of the mixture depends on the nature of its components and its quantity in the mixture.
A mixture of gases such as -O2, N2, CO2 etc.
a). Homogeneous mixture
b). Heterogeneous mixture
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