PETROLEUM (पेट्रोलियम) Petrol At some places in nature, a thick, viscous and dark colored liquid is found under the rock, which mainly contains aliphatic hydrocarbons up to C 1 to C 40 , this fluid is called refined oil or petroleum. The word petroleum is derived from the Latin words petra and olium which is found under rocks within the earth, hence it is also called mineral oil. Within the earth, this fluid floats above the salt solution. A gas atmosphere exists along with the floating petroleum inside the Earth, which is called natural gas. Petroleum is also called liquid gold. In the present era, this fluid is more valuable than gold for any nation. The progress of any nation depends to a large extent on how much petroleum it has. Its use is very important in various tasks like agricultural industry, traffic communication etc. This oil is found in the highest amount in the United States. Russia Venezuela is also found in greater quantities in Mexico, Burma etc. ...
Atom and Atomic Mass
( परमाणु तथा परमाणु द्रव्यमान )
परमाणु (Atom) :-
The smallest part of an element that takes part in chemical reaction is called atom.
Atoms of inert gases can remain in an independent state whereas atoms of other elements can not remain in independent state
The symbol used to display the atom of an element is called a symbol The smallest atom is of hydrogen (H) at which the atomic mass is 1.008 amu (atomic mass unit) and atomic radius is approximately 0.931 angrstrom.
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| Atomic Structure of Carban |
Atomic Mass
(परमाणु द्रव्यमान) :-
The atomic mass of an element is the number that demonstrates how many times the amount of an atom of that element is 6x12 times the mass of one atom of 6c12 .
📝The mass of an atom of carbon is assumed to be 12.000 units.
Formula for finding atomic mass -
Atomic mass=
Mass of an atom of the element / 1/12*12 Mass of an atom
Mass of an atom of the element / 1/12*12 Mass of an atom
The values of atomic mass are displayed by the atomic mass unit, they are now displayed by u (unified mass) in place of amu.
Gram atom and gram atomic mass :-
(ग्राम परमाणु तथा ग्राम परमाणु द्रव्यमान )
The power 23 atoms of an element of 6.023 * 10 (at 6.023 atom = Avogadro number) represents 1 gram of atom.
Average Atomic Mass
(औसत परमाणु द्रव्यमान) :-
In each element, its isotopes are present in different percentages and the average atomic mass of an element depends on the quantity of its isotopes present in it.
Formula for finding average atomic mass-
Average atomic mass
= (Percentage of first isotope * Atomic mass) + (Percentage of second isotope * Atomic mass) / 100
= (Percentage of first isotope * Atomic mass) + (Percentage of second isotope * Atomic mass) / 100
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