PETROLEUM (पेट्रोलियम) Petrol At some places in nature, a thick, viscous and dark colored liquid is found under the rock, which mainly contains aliphatic hydrocarbons up to C 1 to C 40 , this fluid is called refined oil or petroleum. The word petroleum is derived from the Latin words petra and olium which is found under rocks within the earth, hence it is also called mineral oil. Within the earth, this fluid floats above the salt solution. A gas atmosphere exists along with the floating petroleum inside the Earth, which is called natural gas. Petroleum is also called liquid gold. In the present era, this fluid is more valuable than gold for any nation. The progress of any nation depends to a large extent on how much petroleum it has. Its use is very important in various tasks like agricultural industry, traffic communication etc. This oil is found in the highest amount in the United States. Russia Venezuela is also found in greater quantities in Mexico, Burma etc. ...
Discovery of atomic 'nucleus' (scattering alpha particles) [Discovery of Nucleus (Scattering of Alpha Rays)] Discovery of atomic 'nucleus' Alpha, Beta, and Gama rays :- To get detailed information on the internal structure of the atom, physical rhetorician Rutherford (1911) and his disciple Guyger and Marsden used the bombing of alpha particles on metal letters. Rutherford placed a thin foil (0.0004 cm thick) of gold metal between the alpha-beam drum and a fluorescene curtain from Radium-C. And by examining the light of light generated at different places by falling on the screen of alpha particles by a microscope. Rutherford found that in the absence of gold foil, alpha-beam balloon moves in a straight line. And shaking with the curtain creates a small part of the shine, but keeping the golden foil on the path of alpha beam, brightness emerges in many places on the screen. Because of the dispersion or scattering of alpha particles by ...