PETROLEUM (पेट्रोलियम) Petrol At some places in nature, a thick, viscous and dark colored liquid is found under the rock, which mainly contains aliphatic hydrocarbons up to C 1 to C 40 , this fluid is called refined oil or petroleum. The word petroleum is derived from the Latin words petra and olium which is found under rocks within the earth, hence it is also called mineral oil. Within the earth, this fluid floats above the salt solution. A gas atmosphere exists along with the floating petroleum inside the Earth, which is called natural gas. Petroleum is also called liquid gold. In the present era, this fluid is more valuable than gold for any nation. The progress of any nation depends to a large extent on how much petroleum it has. Its use is very important in various tasks like agricultural industry, traffic communication etc. This oil is found in the highest amount in the United States. Russia Venezuela is also found in greater quantities in Mexico, Burma etc. ...
Elements X-ray spectra [X-ray spectra of Elements] X-ray spectra When the cathode rays fall on an element of high melting point, then x-rays arise, which gives the spectrum of the x ray of element when the diffraction of potassium ferro cyanide is given by the crystals x rays are the groups of lines in the spectrum, which are decreasing recurring In order of order, K, L, M, N groups say. X-Ray Spectrum English scientific figures (Moseley, 1973) recorded the X-ray spectrum of many elements. And from their study it concluded that the elements of the characteristic x-rays v frequency and their atomic number Z have the following link: √v = a (Z - b) Where a proportional determinant and b is the determinant for a group of invariant x-rays, this relation is called the measured equation or the numerical rule. A straight line is found on the elements of √v and atomic numbers Z in the form of ele...