PETROLEUM (पेट्रोलियम) Petrol At some places in nature, a thick, viscous and dark colored liquid is found under the rock, which mainly contains aliphatic hydrocarbons up to C 1 to C 40 , this fluid is called refined oil or petroleum. The word petroleum is derived from the Latin words petra and olium which is found under rocks within the earth, hence it is also called mineral oil. Within the earth, this fluid floats above the salt solution. A gas atmosphere exists along with the floating petroleum inside the Earth, which is called natural gas. Petroleum is also called liquid gold. In the present era, this fluid is more valuable than gold for any nation. The progress of any nation depends to a large extent on how much petroleum it has. Its use is very important in various tasks like agricultural industry, traffic communication etc. This oil is found in the highest amount in the United States. Russia Venezuela is also found in greater quantities in Mexico, Burma etc. ...
Magnet
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Magnet |
Types of magnet
Some magnets are also found naturally but most magnetism are produced. The magnet produced can be of two types:
Permanent magnet
The magnetic field generated by them is obtained without any external electrical current. And under normal circumstances there remains no shortage. (They have to make special arrangements to dabotagite (D-magnetize). These are made from so-called hard (hard) magnetic materials. There are also several types of these:
Metallic element magnet (eg some iron ore, cobalt, nickel etc.)
Mixed or composite (ferrite magnet, alnico magnet)
Sparse Soil Soil (Samaria-Cobalt Magnets, Neodymium-Iron-Boron Magnets)
Single-molecule magnet and single-chain magnets
Nano-structure magnet
Floating magnet
These magnets produce magnetic fields only when the current is flowing through their used stars. As soon as the end of the stream, their magnetic field becomes almost zero. That is why they are also called electromagnetism. Among them, a so-called soft or soft magnetic substance is used which wrapped the coil of wire around it and flowing the stream in it produces a magnetic field. They are very useful in particle accelerators, like dipole magnet particles are used to bend and it is used to focus the beam of quadruple (quadruple) particles.
Structure of magnet
Every single molecule has its own magnetic field. Although the magnetic field is found in all the molecules of matter, the magnet molecules form a special structure. Where the magnet field of the rest of the matter is found in different directions, so that their total net magnetic field becomes zero. But in magnet all these magnetic fields are aligned in one direction. And this is why the magnetic field of magnet is very pure and more powerful. In other words, every electron of every substance has a magnetic field. But only in the magnet these all micro magnetic fields come into one direction and become one and then a more powerful magnetic field, also called Net Magnetic Field, is born.
Major uses of magnets
1. Different modes of magnetic recording: floppy disks, hard disks, audio tapes, etc.2. A magnetic strip is used in credit cards, debit cards, ATM cards etc. Some data and information are recorded on this band.
3. In conventional TV and computer monitors: Electrometeum is used to move the electron beam up and down side by side. This makes it possible to create a picture.
4. In loudspeaker and microphone
5. In electric motor and electric generator
6. Chuck used in metalworking - to hold things down
7. In magnetic compass (compass or kutubunuma) - there is a light permanent magnet which is free to roam horizontally. It is stationary in the north-south direction and thus helps in indicating direction.
8. In many toys
9. With the help of magnets, it helps in finding, catching and collecting things which are very small, which can not be handled, or it is difficult to hold hands. (Iron nails, staple pins, clips of paper etc.)
10. To separate the magnetic substances (iron, nickel, steel etc.) and amorphous materials (aluminum, copper, etc.) from a junk.
11. For traffic based on magnetic. levitation
12. In relay, contractor and circuit. breaker
13. For bending particles in the particle accelerators, for focusing etc. (see bipolar magnet, see the estimator)
14. In mass-spectrometer - particles of different masses pass through the magnetic field after colliding at different places on the screen. From the coordinates of the collided place, we know about the weight of that particle.
Tell two uses of magnet
In the varing - the shaft roams without touching anything. This does not cost the energy of friction and does not wear stuff.*Electric clutch
*In magnetic cranes
*In the separation of any ferromagnetic ore.
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