Cathode rays and Discovery of Electron

Cathode rays and Discovery of Electron

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Cathode rays 

Sir William Crooks (1879) found some rays of light green light on the cathode, which produced high bolts between two electrons in a gas filled with immersion tube in low pressure (1 / 1000mm), which were called cathode rays. Jean Perrin (1895) found the particles of cathode rays (-ive) charged: because it is composed of small (-ive) charged particles.

Stoney named the particles as the unit of matter and gave the electron name. JJ Thomson (1897) determined the charge of the electron and weight ratio (e / m) of 1.76 * 1/100000000 per gm. This ratio does not depend on the nature of gas present in the substance of the immersion tube or the tube, which means that the electron e / m is the most universal constant and its value remains constant. Hence, it is known from this that these rays are always made of alkaline particles, which are called electrons.

 Properties of Cathode Rays: -

1. Cathode rays run in a straight line:

                                   If we put an asbestos or cross in the path of cathode rays, then the shadow of the cross falls on the wall of the tube in front of the cathode. This suggests that cathode rays run in straight lines and the rays emerge vertically at the cathode bottom.

2. Cathode rays are composed of micro particles:

                             If we put a pin wheel in the path of cathode rays, then the cathode beam ring will rotate the pin wheel. This suggests that the cathode ray bead is made of solute particles which move at high velocity. For this reason, there is composition and kinetic energy in the beam particle.

3. Cathode rays are dispersed in electrical and magnetic fields:

                                   In the electric field, the cathode beam gets turned towards the money plate, and it is known that the cathode rays are made of charged particles. Cathode rays are also dissected in magnetic fields. The direction of dissection depends on which of the pole passage of the magnet is near.

4. Cathode rays produce perpendicular to the walls of glass hose:

 When the cathode ray tube begins to extract the invisible beam of cathode, the green light in the walls in front of the cathode is generated. This pradip is produced due to fall of cathode rays on the walls of the tube.

5. The cathode rays produce heat-lightness in the thin foil of the metal:

                              If we put platinum foil in the path of cathode rays, then it becomes red due to the kinetic energy of cathode rays turning into heat.

6. Cathode rays emit gases and affect the photographic plate.

7. The cathode rays emanate the thin foil of the metal with the Vedas.

8. Cathode rays produce X radiation:

                When cathode rays fall on any metal of tungsten metal or high melting point, then X rays are produced.

Nature of Cathode rays :

In 1897, British physicist J.J. Tamson discovered electron in cathode rays and determined the ratio of charge and mass of electron to e / m. J.J. Tamson (1897) proved by experiments that

1. Cathode rays are made up of mineralized particles.

2. The particle (electron) for the particles (electrons) of cathode rays The ratio of charge e and mass m is a constant. The e / m ratio of electrons does not depend on the nature of the gas present in the substance of the immersion tube or the tube.

 The e / m of the electron is universal constant.

Amount of electron / mass of electron = e / m = constant

                                   = 1.7588196 * The power of 10 kuulam / gm

 This becomes known by the fact that cathode rays of all matter are made of similar types of debt particles. The electrode is called the reducing particle of cathode ray.

In 1909, American Chemist Robert Millikan determined the charge of electron by experiments. On electron. 1.6021773 * The power of 10 -19 is a bundle. The amount of electron and the mass ratio, the mass of the electron from e / m, was calculated.

The mass of an electron is 9.1093897 * The power of 10 - 28 grams.

The charge of electrons is considered to be a unit of charge of electricity. Because the amount of an electron on any electrical-connected particle so far known is 1.6021773 * 10 of the power -19 kualam or the sum of the integral multiple.

                                                   Not only from the study of cathode rays, but from many other sources, such as the study of temporal emission, light emitting electricity and radioactive disruption, it has been certified that the electrons are in all atoms, that is, one of the electrons The original is the particle.

Origin of Cathode rays

Cation and electrons are produced from the ionic in the electric field of atoms of some molecules and atoms present in the immersion tube. Cation accelerates cathode and move and collide with the cathode, resulting in electrons coming out of the cathode atoms. These electrons move quickly towards the angle of the form of a ray beam at high velocity. This ray bead is called cathode rays only.