PETROLEUM (पेट्रोलियम) Petrol At some places in nature, a thick, viscous and dark colored liquid is found under the rock, which mainly contains aliphatic hydrocarbons up to C 1 to C 40 , this fluid is called refined oil or petroleum. The word petroleum is derived from the Latin words petra and olium which is found under rocks within the earth, hence it is also called mineral oil. Within the earth, this fluid floats above the salt solution. A gas atmosphere exists along with the floating petroleum inside the Earth, which is called natural gas. Petroleum is also called liquid gold. In the present era, this fluid is more valuable than gold for any nation. The progress of any nation depends to a large extent on how much petroleum it has. Its use is very important in various tasks like agricultural industry, traffic communication etc. This oil is found in the highest amount in the United States. Russia Venezuela is also found in greater quantities in Mexico, Burma etc. ...
Discovery of atomic 'nucleus'
(scattering alpha particles)
[Discovery of Nucleus (Scattering of Alpha Rays)]
Discovery of atomic 'nucleus'
Alpha, Beta, and Gama rays :-
To get detailed information on the internal structure of the atom, physical rhetorician Rutherford (1911) and his disciple Guyger and Marsden used the bombing of alpha particles on metal letters.
Rutherford placed a thin foil (0.0004 cm thick) of gold metal between the alpha-beam drum and a fluorescene curtain from Radium-C. And by examining the light of light generated at different places by falling on the screen of alpha particles by a microscope. Rutherford found that in the absence of gold foil, alpha-beam balloon moves in a straight line. And shaking with the curtain creates a small part of the shine, but keeping the golden foil on the path of alpha beam, brightness emerges in many places on the screen. Because of the dispersion or scattering of alpha particles by the golden foil, brightness arises in many places on the screen. By examining the brightness generated at different places, it became known that-
1. Most alpha particles cross the metal foil and move into a straight line. That is, most of the space in the atom is empty.
2. Some alpha particles are deflected slightly below their original path. It demonstrates that the atom is in the center of the corridor, which surrounds the neutral space.
3. Very little alpha particles are deflected at an angle greater than 90 degree angle. It demonstrates that the neutral corpus part is at the center of the atom, it is heavy and firm.
Using alpha particle scattering, it has been concluded that the total amount of charge of atom is accumulated in a neutral place in the center of the charge and almost all mass atom. The central part of the atom in which the total amount of charge of atom and the total mass is concentrated, the atom is called 'nucleus'.
Based on the information obtained from the alpha particle scattering experiment, Rutherford expressed this view regarding nuclear structure that there are two different types of atom in the atom:
Alpha rays scattering :
(1) Minimal funding charge nuclei and
(2) The relatively large area outside the nucleus, in which the electrons live. The radius of the atomic nucleus is about 10 to the power of -13 to 10 to the power -12 centimeters. Whereas the radius of the atom is approximately 10 to the power-8 centimeters and the radius of the electron is approximately approx. The power of 10 is -13 centimeters. The nucleus is much more intense than atom, because almost all the mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus of very small volumes. The volume of the atomic nucleus is approximately 10 to the power of atom-12, and the density of the atomic nucleus is about 12 times the power of atom by 10 hours.
Electrons do not live in the nucleus of the atom, they live in the vast sphere outside the nucleus, keep moving in all the orbits of the nucleus. The number of electrons in atoms is equal to the number of units of charge charge on the atomic nucleus, so the atomic power is neutral.
Neutron discovery
[Discovery of Neutron]
On the Beryllium Elements, a type of gem rays emerges when bombarded alpha particles. Scientist G. Chadwick studied the nature of these rays and concluded that these rays are made of neutral electrons, whose mass is almost equal to the mass of hydrogen atom, these particles are called newton.
Discovery of neutrons
Newton's symbol is n. Newton's origin from the baryllium element can be demonstrated by the following nuclear equation:
Be + He → C + n
Lithium Boron etc. Neutron emerges on bombing alpha particles on other light elements. It has been known from the study of many nuclear reactions that neutron is present in all atoms other than hydrogen atom, that is, neutron is an original particle of matter.
Neutron is light neutral particle. The actual mass of the neutron is 1.67493 * 10 to the power -24 grams and the relative mass is 1.00866 amu.
Discovery of atomic 'nucleus'
(scattering alpha particles)
[Discovery of Nucleus (Scattering of Alpha Rays)]
 |
| Discovery of atomic 'nucleus' |
Alpha, Beta, and Gama rays :-
To get detailed information on the internal structure of the atom, physical rhetorician Rutherford (1911) and his disciple Guyger and Marsden used the bombing of alpha particles on metal letters.
Rutherford placed a thin foil (0.0004 cm thick) of gold metal between the alpha-beam drum and a fluorescene curtain from Radium-C. And by examining the light of light generated at different places by falling on the screen of alpha particles by a microscope. Rutherford found that in the absence of gold foil, alpha-beam balloon moves in a straight line. And shaking with the curtain creates a small part of the shine, but keeping the golden foil on the path of alpha beam, brightness emerges in many places on the screen. Because of the dispersion or scattering of alpha particles by the golden foil, brightness arises in many places on the screen. By examining the brightness generated at different places, it became known that-
1. Most alpha particles cross the metal foil and move into a straight line. That is, most of the space in the atom is empty.
2. Some alpha particles are deflected slightly below their original path. It demonstrates that the atom is in the center of the corridor, which surrounds the neutral space.
3. Very little alpha particles are deflected at an angle greater than 90 degree angle. It demonstrates that the neutral corpus part is at the center of the atom, it is heavy and firm.
Using alpha particle scattering, it has been concluded that the total amount of charge of atom is accumulated in a neutral place in the center of the charge and almost all mass atom. The central part of the atom in which the total amount of charge of atom and the total mass is concentrated, the atom is called 'nucleus'.
Based on the information obtained from the alpha particle scattering experiment, Rutherford expressed this view regarding nuclear structure that there are two different types of atom in the atom:
Alpha rays scattering :
(1) Minimal funding charge nuclei and
(2) The relatively large area outside the nucleus, in which the electrons live. The radius of the atomic nucleus is about 10 to the power of -13 to 10 to the power -12 centimeters. Whereas the radius of the atom is approximately 10 to the power-8 centimeters and the radius of the electron is approximately approx. The power of 10 is -13 centimeters. The nucleus is much more intense than atom, because almost all the mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus of very small volumes. The volume of the atomic nucleus is approximately 10 to the power of atom-12, and the density of the atomic nucleus is about 12 times the power of atom by 10 hours.
Electrons do not live in the nucleus of the atom, they live in the vast sphere outside the nucleus, keep moving in all the orbits of the nucleus. The number of electrons in atoms is equal to the number of units of charge charge on the atomic nucleus, so the atomic power is neutral.
Neutron discovery
[Discovery of Neutron]
On the Beryllium Elements, a type of gem rays emerges when bombarded alpha particles. Scientist G. Chadwick studied the nature of these rays and concluded that these rays are made of neutral electrons, whose mass is almost equal to the mass of hydrogen atom, these particles are called newton.
Discovery of neutrons
Newton's symbol is n. Newton's origin from the baryllium element can be demonstrated by the following nuclear equation:
Be + He → C + n
Lithium Boron etc. Neutron emerges on bombing alpha particles on other light elements. It has been known from the study of many nuclear reactions that neutron is present in all atoms other than hydrogen atom, that is, neutron is an original particle of matter.
Neutron is light neutral particle. The actual mass of the neutron is 1.67493 * 10 to the power -24 grams and the relative mass is 1.00866 amu.
Comments