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Petroleum

PETROLEUM (पेट्रोलियम) Petrol At some places in nature, a thick, viscous and dark colored liquid is found under the rock, which mainly contains aliphatic hydrocarbons up to C 1 to C 40 , this fluid is called refined oil or petroleum. The word petroleum is derived from the Latin words petra and olium which is found under rocks within the earth, hence it is also called mineral oil. Within the earth, this fluid floats above the salt solution. A gas atmosphere exists along with the floating petroleum inside the Earth, which is called natural gas. Petroleum is also called liquid gold. In the present era, this fluid is more valuable than gold for any nation. The progress of any nation depends to a large extent on how much petroleum it has. Its use is very important in various tasks like agricultural industry, traffic communication etc. This oil is found in the highest amount in the United States. Russia Venezuela is also found in greater quantities in Mexico, Burma etc. ...
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Molar Volume of Gases

Molar Volume of Gases

[गैसों का मोलर आयतन] 

Molar Volume of Gases

Molar Volume of Gases


The volume of one gram molecule mass or one mole molecule of a gas is 22.4 liters, which means 2 grams H2, 32 grams O2, 16 grams of NTP volume of CH4 is 22.4 liters. This can be calculated like this.

📝 Vapor density = mass of one molecule of gas / mass of one molecule of H2


 Or = 1 ml of gas on the NTP / mass of 1 ml H2 over NTP

Mass of 1 my H2 on NTP = 0.0000897gm

Mass of 1 ml gas = vapor density * 0.0000897

But vapor density * 0.0000897 gm gas volume = 1 ml

2 * density i.e. (molecular mass) volume of gram gas

    = 1 * 2 * vapor density / vapor density * 0.0000897 ml

 That is, the volume of a mole gas at NTP is 22.4 liter.


📝 With the help of gas analyzes, the chains of gases are determined.


Example: to build NH3

1 volume nitrogen + 3 volume hydrogen → 2 volume ammonia

n molecule nitrogen + 3n hydrogen → 2n ammonia

1 molecule nitrogen + 3 hydrogen → 2 ammonia

 Nitrogen and hydrogen are diatomic. So

2 atom nitrogen + 6 atomic hydrogen → 2 molecule ammonia

1 atom nitrogen + 3 atomic hydrogen → 1 molecule ammonia

So the formula of ammonia is NH3 and the reaction

N2 + 3H2 reversible 2NH3
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