PETROLEUM (पेट्रोलियम) Petrol At some places in nature, a thick, viscous and dark colored liquid is found under the rock, which mainly contains aliphatic hydrocarbons up to C 1 to C 40 , this fluid is called refined oil or petroleum. The word petroleum is derived from the Latin words petra and olium which is found under rocks within the earth, hence it is also called mineral oil. Within the earth, this fluid floats above the salt solution. A gas atmosphere exists along with the floating petroleum inside the Earth, which is called natural gas. Petroleum is also called liquid gold. In the present era, this fluid is more valuable than gold for any nation. The progress of any nation depends to a large extent on how much petroleum it has. Its use is very important in various tasks like agricultural industry, traffic communication etc. This oil is found in the highest amount in the United States. Russia Venezuela is also found in greater quantities in Mexico, Burma etc. ...
Discovery of Subatomic particles
[उप परमाण्विक कणों की खोज]
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| Discovery of Subatomic particles |
Brief History -
1. In 1838 AD, Michael Faraday, while passing the wind in a tube filled with air, found that a light arc arises from the negative electrode (cathode) to the positive electrode (anode).
2. In 1857 AD, German scientist Henrik Gisler reduced the pressure more than the use of Faraday and found that instead of the light arc, the glass tube was filled with a glow.
In this tube, he used to differentiate between some kilos of 100 kilo watts and this tube was called a gisler tube.
3. In 1869 AD, the use of the above mentioned vacuum tubules, German scientist HitAf also found that in these experiments some cathode moves from the cathode to the simple path towards the anode.
4. 1870 AD. British physicist William Crooks and his colleagues repeated the use of the gisler tube on less pressure than the atmospheric pressure, and these tubes were named Crookes nozzles. Faraday took cognizance of a dark area in front of the cathode in his experiment, which was also called Kaithode blind area or Faraday blind area or crooked blind area Crooks also said that
On increasing the amount of air in the tube, this blind area moves from the cathode to the anode and ultimately spreads to the entire tube, but in this stage, the glass tube behind the anode starts flowing in the tube. After this, also the ZnS coated on glass for the study of glow. These rays were named cathode rays for this glow.
5. By this time, the smallest particle of matter was atom, which was considered inseparable, but the interpretation of the flow of electricity in the electro immersion canal can not be interpreted as such, two interpretations came to be explained: -
(a) Crookes and Schuster consider it radiation material, which is made of charged atoms.
(b) Wiedemann, Hertz and Goldstein considered them an ether wave which is a new type of electromagnetic radiation that is responsible for the flow of charge in the tube.
6. The meaningful explanation of all these trials was done by JJ Thomson in 1897 AD and by an experiment, he found the value of e / m and m for cathode ray particles and found that the particle was the most simple atom, approximately 1800 The fold is light. So this can not be atom. This interpretation provided the basis for the discovery of sub-atomic particles and Thomson named these particles as corpuscles, but George Stoney gave it electron name.
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