PETROLEUM (पेट्रोलियम) Petrol At some places in nature, a thick, viscous and dark colored liquid is found under the rock, which mainly contains aliphatic hydrocarbons up to C 1 to C 40 , this fluid is called refined oil or petroleum. The word petroleum is derived from the Latin words petra and olium which is found under rocks within the earth, hence it is also called mineral oil. Within the earth, this fluid floats above the salt solution. A gas atmosphere exists along with the floating petroleum inside the Earth, which is called natural gas. Petroleum is also called liquid gold. In the present era, this fluid is more valuable than gold for any nation. The progress of any nation depends to a large extent on how much petroleum it has. Its use is very important in various tasks like agricultural industry, traffic communication etc. This oil is found in the highest amount in the United States. Russia Venezuela is also found in greater quantities in Mexico, Burma etc. ...
डाल्टन का परमाणुवाद
[Dalton's Atomic Theory]
Dalton described according to the law of infinity of matter, "Atom is the smallest inseparable particle of any element that participates in chemical verbs and in it, all the properties of that element remain present."
1. Atom can not be divided.
2. During any chemical reaction, the atom can neither be produced nor destroyed.
3. All atoms of any one element are similar to each other in properties like mass, mass, etc.
4. The atoms of different elements are different.
5. Atoms together form a compound atom.
📝 The first word atom was used by Dalton and the word molecule was used by the locals.
a quality :-
1. From the atomic theory of Dalton the law of infinite can be explained.
2. It can be explained by the rules of chemical coincidence.
Fault: -
Dalton's atomic theory does not explain the following facts--
1. Why is the mass of the atoms of the same element different?
2. Why do the atoms of the same element coincide with each other?
3. Why are different elements different from atomic connectivity and mass?
Could not explain it.
2. Search of wealth rays by Goldstein (1886).
3. The discovery of the nucleus by Rutherford (1909).
4. Use of Atomic Numbers and Calculations (1913)
5. Bore's nuclear model
6. Search of Neutron
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Dalton's Atomic Theory |
According to this principle, atoms have the following characteristics:
1. Atom can not be divided.
2. During any chemical reaction, the atom can neither be produced nor destroyed.
3. All atoms of any one element are similar to each other in properties like mass, mass, etc.
4. The atoms of different elements are different.
5. Atoms together form a compound atom.
📝 The first word atom was used by Dalton and the word molecule was used by the locals.
Properties and defects of Dalton's atom theory:
a quality :-
1. From the atomic theory of Dalton the law of infinite can be explained.
2. It can be explained by the rules of chemical coincidence.
Fault: -
Dalton's atomic theory does not explain the following facts--
1. Why is the mass of the atoms of the same element different?
2. Why do the atoms of the same element coincide with each other?
3. Why are different elements different from atomic connectivity and mass?
Could not explain it.
The basis of modern atomic theory
Modern atomic theory is based on the following discoveries and experiments :
1. The discovery of cathode rays by William Crooks (1879) and J.J. Thomson Thomson (1897).2. Search of wealth rays by Goldstein (1886).
3. The discovery of the nucleus by Rutherford (1909).
4. Use of Atomic Numbers and Calculations (1913)
5. Bore's nuclear model
6. Search of Neutron
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